Athenian Democracy viewed through the interpretive lens of Islamic Ethical praxeology

I. Athenian Democracy in the Making;
Social and Historical Setting

In the fifth century BC, the Greek Poleis  (city-states), by contrast to their cosmopolitan Sumer counterparts , which preceded them 3500 years ago in civilization, were at this juncture of history, small independent tribal communities, male-dominated and bound together by race.

It is worth stressing that the emergence of these early towns (see left map), unlike the early city-states at Sumer in Iraq  (see right map), were unplanned and expanding haphazardly. They were placed for security reasons well inland and not close to rivers or seas as commercial expediency would suggest, so as to avoid potential raids by sea.